PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.